Learn about adverbs of time when they're used in questions
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Dana: Hi everyone, and welcome back to RomanianPod101.com. This is Beginner Season 1 Lesson 4 - Reserving a Table at a Romanian Restaurant. Dana Here. |
| Mihai: Bună. I'm Mihai. |
| Dana: In this lesson, you’ll learn about adverbs of time that are used in questions. The conversation takes place over the phone. |
| Mihai: It's between a restaurant clerk and Masanobu. |
| Dana: The speakers are strangers in a customer service setting; therefore, they will speak formal Romanian. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Angajat restaurant: Bună ziua, La Mama. Cu ce vă pot ajuta? |
| Masanobu: Bună ziua. Aș dori să fac o rezervare, vă rog. |
| Angajat restaurant: Desigur, domnule. Când și la ce oră, vă rog? |
| Masanobu: În seara aceasta, la 7 (șapte). |
| Angajat restaurant: Îmi pare rău domnule, dar este complet rezervat în seara aceasta până la opt. |
| Masanobu: În acest caz, la ora 8 (opt) este bine. |
| Angajat restaurant: Foarte bine. Și câte persoane vor fi? |
| Masanobu: 5 (cinci) persoane. |
| Dana: Listen to the conversation one more time, slowly. |
| Angajat restaurant: Bună ziua, La Mama. Cu ce vă pot ajuta? |
| Masanobu: Bună ziua. Aș dori să fac o rezervare, vă rog. |
| Angajat restaurant: Desigur, domnule. Când și la ce oră, vă rog? |
| Masanobu: În seara aceasta, la 7 (șapte). |
| Angajat restaurant: Îmi pare rău domnule, dar este complet rezervat în seara aceasta până la opt. |
| Masanobu: În acest caz, la ora 8 (opt) este bine. |
| Angajat restaurant: Foarte bine. Și câte persoane vor fi? |
| Masanobu: 5 (cinci) persoane. |
| Dana: Listen to the conversation with the English translation |
| Restaurant clerk: Hello, La Mama. How can I help you? |
| Masanobu: Hello. I want to make a reservation, please. |
| Restaurant clerk: Of course, sir. When and at what hour, please? |
| Masanobu: Tonight at 7. |
| Restaurant clerk: I'm sorry sir, but we are fully booked tonight until eight. |
| Masanobu: In that case, 8 o'clock is fine. |
| Restaurant clerk: Very good. And how many persons will there be? |
| Masanobu: Five people. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Dana: Five people makes it sound like Masanobu is going to the restaurant with family or friends. Is family important in Romanian society? |
| Mihai: It is. Family ranks first in the hierarchy of social values and gives a person the greatest satisfaction. |
| Dana: What are Romanian families like? |
| Mihai: Very traditional, and we protect traditional values. |
| Dana: How does modern society affect that? |
| Mihai: Socioeconomic changes have an affect, but family is still the most stable institution. Romanian identity and family distinguishes us from other national communities. |
| Dana: What about religion in Romania? |
| Mihai: Most people considered themselves religious. |
| Dana: Is that more true of older Romanians? |
| Mihai: It is, but the number of atheists is small among both young and old. |
| Dana: What religions are prevalent in Romania? |
| Mihai: The Eastern Orthodox Church is the largest religious denomination in Romania, followed by Protestantism and Catholicism. |
| Dana: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Dana: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Mihai: a ruga [natural native speed] |
| Dana: to ask |
| Mihai: a ruga[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: a ruga [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Mihai: a ajuta [natural native speed] |
| Dana: to help |
| Mihai: a ajuta[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: a ajuta [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Mihai: desigur [natural native speed] |
| Dana: of course |
| Mihai: desigur[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: desigur [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Mihai: rău [natural native speed] |
| Dana: bad |
| Mihai: rău[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: rău [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Mihai: complet [natural native speed] |
| Dana: completely |
| Mihai: complet[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: complet [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Mihai: până [natural native speed] |
| Dana: until |
| Mihai: până[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: până [natural native speed] |
| Dana: Next we have.. |
| Mihai: caz [natural native speed] |
| Dana: case |
| Mihai: caz[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: caz [natural native speed] |
| Dana: And last.. |
| Mihai: persoană [natural native speed] |
| Dana: person |
| Mihai: persoană[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mihai: persoană [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Dana: Let's have a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is.. |
| Mihai: Cu ce vă pot ajuta? |
| Dana: Meaning "How can I help you?" |
| Dana: There are a few words in this phrase, so let’s break it down. |
| Mihai: Cu is a preposition that means "with." Ce is an interrogative pronoun that means "what." Together, they form the subordinating conjunction cu ce |
| Dana: Okay. What’s next? |
| Mihai: Vă is a second-person plural pronoun, in the unstressed dative form, and means "you.” |
| Dana: And finally? |
| Mihai: Pot comes from a putea. |
| Dana: Which means “can.” |
| Mihai: Ajuta, in the infinitive form, means "to help." |
| Dana: So it literally translates to “How can I help you?” You might hear this question asked in a customer service setting. |
| Mihai: Yes. This is a formal expression. |
| Dana: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Mihai: Sure. For example, you can say.. Cu ce vă pot ajuta pentru organizarea cinei festive? |
| Dana: ..which means "How can I help you organize the festive dinner?" |
| Dana: Okay, what's the next word? |
| Mihai: În acest caz |
| Dana: Meaning "In that case" |
| Dana: Let’s break this phrase down too. |
| Mihai: În is a simple preposition that means "in." Acest is a demonstrative pronoun, near in time and distance, meaning "this." And the last word is caz. |
| Dana: Which means “case.” So translated it means “in this case,” and can be used literally and figuratively. |
| Mihai: It’s used when there are multiple situations or cases possible. |
| Dana: You can use it when referring to a specific one. |
| Mihai: This phrase can be used in both formal and informal speech. |
| Dana: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Mihai: Sure. For example, you can say.. În acest caz, reununțăm la rezervarea făcută. |
| Dana: .. which means "In that case, we are canceling our reservation." |
| Dana: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Dana: In this lesson, you'll learn about adverbs of time that are used in questions. |
| Dana: We can use adverbs of time to answer “when” something will happen. |
| Mihai: In Romanian, adverbs of time don’t decline or conjugate. |
| Dana: However, they can be simple, such as... |
| Mihai: azi |
| Dana: Meaning “today,” or composed, such as... |
| Mihai: mâine-seară |
| Dana: “Tomorrow night.” Mihai, can you tell us a couple of the most frequently used adverbs of time? |
| Mihai: Sure. The first is acum. |
| Dana: “Now” |
| Mihai: And ieri |
| Dana: “Yesterday.” There are more examples in the lesson notes. Now, let’s hear an example sentence. |
| Mihai: Mâine mergem la cumpărături. |
| Dana: “Tomorrow we are going shopping.” Next, let’s move on to asking questions about time. |
| Mihai: In Romanian, there is no formal expression of interrogatives. |
| Dana: You just change the tone of your voice from an affirmative sentence into the interrogative. Let’s hear an example. |
| Mihai: Când a plecat? |
| Dana: “When did she leave?” |
| Mihai: Cât este ceasul? |
| Dana: “What hour is it?” |
| Mihai: Something we should consider when using time expressions is degrees of comparison. |
| Dana: We can use some adverbs to show different times by using them in certain ways. Let’s work through an example. Mihai, how do we say “late?” |
| Mihai: târziu |
| Dana: How about “later”? |
| Mihai: mai târziu. And “less late” is mai puțin târziu |
| Dana: Now, what about someone who is “very late?” |
| Mihai: foarte târziu. Or if they are the “latest”, we can say cel mai târziu. All of these expressions use târziu, with no conjugations. |
| Dana: Thanks for the examples! |
Outro |
| Dana: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Mihai: La revedere. |
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